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Aivazovsky, Ivan: "The ninth wave", 1850
State Museum, Saint Petersburg
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A seascape devoted painter, Aivazovsky reaches in this painting an absolute technical perfection, representing a group of unlucky castaways trying to survive under the merciless charges in form of oceanic waves. The centre of the composition is the powerful, almost mystical and diffuse representation of the sun, which illuminates the scene with a strange, oneiric range of green and pink shades. |
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Alma-Tadema, Lawrence: "Unconscious rivals", 1893
Private collection
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While born in the Netherlands, Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema spent most of his life in London, when he became one of the most important Victorian painters. He is the author of many complex compositions about the Roman Empire, such as this or "The Roses of Heliogabalus" |
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Arcimboldo, Giuseppe: "The market gardener", c.1590
Civic Museum , Cremona
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Perhaps the best example of Arcimboldo's originality is the inverted portraits, apparent still lifes that, once turned 90º, are transformed into strange, disturbing portraits. "The roast" or "The cook" (Private collection, Stockholm) and "The market gardener" (c.1590, Civic Museum , Cremona) are the best and more famous examples. |
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Bellows, George: "Shore house", 1911
Private collection
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Born in Columbus, Ohio, George Bellows is famous for his depictions of the urban life in New York ("Cliff Dwellers" or the "Polo Crowd" sold for $27.5 million in 1999). Nevertheless, he finished some nice landscapes such as "Shore House" or "Paradise Point" |
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Bellows, George: "Paradise Point", 1919
Private collection
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Born in Columbus, Ohio, George Bellows is famous for his depictions of the urban life in New York ("Cliff Dwellers" or the "Polo Crowd" sold for $27.5 million in 1999). Nevertheless, he finished some nice landscapes such as "Shore House" or "Paradise Point" |
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Bierstadt, Albert: "Lake Tahoe"
Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge (USA)
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ALBERT BIERSTADT (1830-1902) emigrated from Europe to Massachusetts with his family being only a boy. He is one of the first painters who represented the grandeur of the American West, as we can see in his views of Yosemite Valley, the Kern River Valley or the White Mountains . He is the most prolific and possibly the most grandiloquent of all the American painters of his time |
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Bosch, Hieronymus: "The Garden of delights (detail)", c.1510
Madrid, Museo del Prado
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One of the most famous and commented paintings of all the western painting. An in depth analysis of the work would occupy pages and pages of interpretations and -in many cases- mere conjectures. The work by Hyeronimus Bosch is basically moralizing, didactic. The artist sees in the society the triumph of the sin, the depravation, and all the things that have caused the fall of the human being from its angelical character. |
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Botticelli, Sandro: "The Birth of Venus", c. 1485
Florence, Ufizzi
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This is not only Botticelli's most famous work, but also one of the most appealing masterpieces from the Italian Renaissance. Sensual and colourful, "The Birth of Venus" is one of the most well-known paintings in the world |
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Brueghel the elder, Pieter: "Dutch proverbs", 1559
Berlin, Gemäldegalerie
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Parallelisms are commonly established between the works by Hyeronimus Bosch and those by Brueghel, but the truth is that the differences between both of them are abysmal. Works by Bruegel (as we can see in works as " The Dutch Proverbs ") are full of irony and even a love for the rural life that seems to anticipate the Dutch landscape painting of the next century |
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Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio Canal): "The Regatta seen from Ca Foscari", 1727
London, National Gallery
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Giovanni Antonio Canal -Canaletto- is by far the most famous Venetian 18th century painter. Among his pupils we found Guardi, Bellotto or Moretti, among others |
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Cézanne, Paul : "Montagne Sainte-Victoire", 1882-85
New York, Metropolitan Museum
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This is one of the most famous versions of the numerous views that Paul Cézanne painted of the Mount Sainte-Victoire in the outskirts of Aix-en-ProvenceWe can say about this work that this is "cubist before the cubism": the triangular mountain and the prairie elements -geographic or edificatory- acquire volume thanks not to the perspective, but to the superposition of chromatic planes |
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Church, Frederick Edwin: "The Icebergs", 1861
Dallas Museum of Art
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The icy death. Beautiful and exuberant at first glance, this masterwork by Frederick Edwin Church is nevertheless a sinister and terrible romantic document, showing the remains of a shipwreck, where it really doesn't matter if the sailors have survived or not: the merciless icebergs will soon kill them if the violence of the accident has not done it before |
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Church, Frederick Edwin: "Morning at the tropics", 1877
Washington, National Gallery of Art
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Church represents the culmination of the Hudson River School : he had the love for the landscape of Cole, the romantic lyricism of Durand, and the grandiloquence of Bierstadt, but being braver and technically more gifted than anyone with them. Church is one of the best landscape painters of all time, perhaps only surpassed by Turner and some impressionists or postimpressionists like Monet or Cézanne |
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Cole, Thomas: "Crawford Notch", 1839
Washington, National Gallery of Art
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Thomas Cole is known as the founder of the Hudson River School. Born in Britain , his family emigrates to America when he was only 17 years old, so we can consider him a totally American painter. Cole discovers the beauty of the Hudson River in 1825, when emigrating to New York , and begins to create his first outdoors sketches |
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Constable, John: "The Hay Wain", 1821
London, National Gallery
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John Constable (1776-1837) is, with Joseph Mallord William Turner, the great figure of the English romanticism. Unlike his contemporary, he never left England, and he devoted all his time to represent the life and landscapes of his loved England. This self-imposed limitation did not prevent him from develop a highly personal style that had an important influence in the Barbizon School |
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Degas, Edgar: "Ballet class", 1875
Private collection
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Edgar Degas' paintings depicting dancers and ballerinas rank among the most charmings artworks ever created |
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Delacroix, Eugene: "Liberty leading the people", 1830
Paris, Louvre
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"Liberty leading the People" is a work filled with symbolism.
Technically it's also an extraordinary work, in which the memories of Gericault's impressive " the raft of the medusa " are present in the composition Immediately associated with the French Revolution, Delacroix's masterwork also demonstrates the capacity of the Painting to become the symbol of an age. |
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Durand, Asher Brown: "Pastoral landscape", 1861
Washington, National Gallery of Art
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Although older than Thomas Cole, introduces himself in the landscape after knowing the works of the previous master. More romantic and less faithful to the reality that Cole, their works are despite more beautiful and poetic, with clear influences of masters like Meindert Hobbema or Claude Lorrain. He is the author of works as " Kindred Spirits" or " The beeches". |
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Eakins, Thomas: "Shad fishing at Gloucester, Delaware River", 1881
Philadelphia Museum of Art
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Thomas Eakins was one of the most important painters of the American 19th century.
"The Gross clinic", an oil on canvas by Eakins signed and dated 1875, and described by a New York critic as "the most beautiful American painting of the 19th century" was purchased by the
National Gallery of Washington and the new Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art (the future home of Asher Brown Durand's "Kindred spirits") for $68 million |
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Friedrich, Caspar David: "The great Preserve (Ostra Preserve)", 1832
Dresden,
Gemäldegalerie
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Caspar David Friedrich is the most famous of all the German romantic painters, and one of the greatest landscape painters of the Art history. This stunning painting is one of his most famous and admired works. |
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Friedrich, Caspar David: "Wreck in the Sea of Ice", 1823/24
Hamburg, Kunsthalle
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Caspar David Friedrich is the most famous of all the German romantic painters, and one of the greatest landscape painters of the Art history. This stunning painting is one of his most famous and admired works. |
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Gauguin, Paul: "The day of the Gods", 1894
Chicago, Art Institute
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Gauguin travelled to the tropics searching an artistic redemption, a comeback to the primitive an exotic that could help him to find the way in which his Art could be purified. In his own words, " Occident is rotten (.) and anyone who is like Hercules can find new strengths travelling to far-away places. And coming back one or two years after, solid" |
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Gauguin, Paul: "Arearea-Joyeusetés", 1892
Paris, Musée d'Orsay
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Gauguin travelled to the tropics searching an artistic redemption, a comeback to the primitive an exotic that could help him to find the way in which his Art could be purified. In his own words, " Occident is rotten (.) and anyone who is like Hercules can find new strengths travelling to far-away places. And coming back one or two years after, solid" |
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Gérôme, Jean-Léon: "Bethsabee", 1889
Paris, Louvre
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Gérôme was one of the last masters of the French neo-classicism tradition. He rejected the impressionist movement and produced many paintings in an Orientalist and Historical style. |
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Hiroshige, Ando: "Men poling boats past a bank with willows", 1858
Tokyo, National Museum
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Ando Hiroshige is considered the last great master of Japanese stamp, interested, as Hokusai, for the natural elements and landscape. His unquestionable masterpiece is the series of "One hundred famous landscapes from Edo" |
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Hokusai, Katsushika: "The wave", c.1830
New York, Metropolitan Museum
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Japanese artists have always offered us a different, almost mystical vision of the natural phenomena. The wave is her much more than a mere oceanic circumstance. It's a monster, a giant leviathan that menaces with its canines the agile and audacious ships that cross, flexible, the Japanese seas. The terrible ocean's claw is so powerful that threatens to devour even the sacred Mount Fuji , presented at the background as another victim of the evil wave |
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Homer, Winslow: "The Gulf Stream", 1899
New York, Metropolitan Museum
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Really, the terrible expressivity, bordering on macabre of the work makes unnecessary almost every commentary, while we assist helpless to the tragic end of the unlucky sailor, represented with a effective exaggeration, perhaps an evidence of Winslow Homer's formation as a press reporter. |
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Klimt, Gustav: "Beech forest", 1903
Neue Galerie der Stadt
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Gustav Klimt (July 14, 1862 - February 6, 1918) was an Austrian Symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Art Nouveau. In 2006, one of his paintings was sold for $135 million, a record price for any painting |
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Leonardo da Vinci : "The Last supper (detail)", 1495-97
Milano, Santa Maria della Grazia
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There is no artist more legendary than Leonardo. In the whole History of Art, no other name has created more discussions, debates and studies than the genius born in Vinci in 1452. Painter, sculptor, architect, scientific and investigator, the figure of Leonardo has generated multiple legends, myths, and rumours in which the huge success of "The da Vinci Code" is only his most recent example |
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Lorrain, Claude: "The embarcation of the Queen of Sheba", 1648
London, National Gallery
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Claude Lorrain is widely considered as one of the most important landscape paintes of all time, and an important influence in all Romantic painters such as Delacroix, Gericault, or even Joseph Mallord William Turner |
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Macke, Auguste: " Gartenrestaurant", 1912
Bern, Kunstmuseum
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August Macke is one of the most important painters of the German Expressionism, and a founder member of the "Der Blaue Raiter" group along with Kandinsky.
Macke's brilliant career was cut short by his death at the World War I at age 27
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Manet, Edouard: "Bar at the Folies Bergere", 1882
London, Courtald Institute Galleries
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Manet's paintings of cafe scenes are observations of social life in nineteenth century Paris, and this stunning and complex canvas is one of his most famous masterpieces. |
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Marc, Franz: "The yellow cow", 1911
New York, Guggenheim Museum
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Born in 1880, Franz Marc was one of the principal painters of the expressionist movement. He shows a great interest in nature, represented with bright, vivid colours, as we can see in "The fate of the animals" and "The yellow cow" |
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Michelangelo: Frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, c.1540
Sistine Chapel
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The frescoes that Michelangelo painted in the Sistine Chapel constitute one of the supreme masterworks of the universal Art. The scene of "the last judgment", in which he worked during four years, is a colossal composition in which the vigorous Michelangelo creates a universe of titans, formed by almost sculptural volumes, which help us to understand why the artist signed his works with a "Michelangelo, sculptor" |
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Millais, Sir John Everett: "Ophelia", 1852
London, Tate Gallery
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Sir John Everett Millais was one of the members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (with Dante Gabriel Rossetti, John William Waterhouse and William Holman Hunt) The subject of this famous painting is taken from Shakespeare's Hamlet. |
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Monet, Claude: "The artist's garden at Giverny", 1900
Yale Art Galleries
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During his last years in Giverny, Monet painted a considerable number of beautiful, charming works depicting his fantastic garden |
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Monet, Claude: "Nympheas", 1899
Boston Museum of Fine Arts
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Monet's series of the "Nympheas" have been described as "The Sixtine Chapel of the Impressionism". This stunning, almost abstract example is in the collection of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts |
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Pechstein, Max: "Meadow at Mortziburg", 1910
Leonard Hutton Galleries
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Born in 1881, Max Pechstein is one of the most famous and appreciated expressionist painters. He fully developed his style after knowing the works of Vincent van Gogh. His works were declarated "Degenerated Art" by the Nazis |
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Raphael: "The School of Athens", c.1510/11
Vatican, Apostolic Palace
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"The School of Athens" is not only Raphael's most ambitious work, but also one of the most famous and complex compositions of the Western Painting. The list of portrayed men includes Plato (represented as Leonardo da Vinci), Socrates, Archimedes or Raphael himself (represented as Apelles) |
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Rembrandt: "The Night watch", 1641-42
Amsterdam , Rijksmuseum
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"The night watch" is one of the most important paintings of the whole history of Art, and with no doubt one of the most complex.
Rembrandt has represented the exact moment when the captain of the company has order the advance, but this order seems to have not arrived yet to his subordinates. This tension between movement and statism gives the picture an irresistible magnetism. |
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Renoir, Pierre-Auguste: "Moulin de la Galette", 1876
Paris, Musée d'Orsay
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This painting has been described as "the most beautiful painting of the 19 th century". The scene depicted one of the numerous dances celebrated in the Moulin de la Galette , one of the most frequented restaurants and leisure clubs of the Montmartre Hill and paradise for bohemians and artists like Toulouse-Lautrec, van Gogh or Renoir himself. |
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Rousseau, Henri: "The dream", 1910
New York, Museum of Modern Art
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Incredibly suggestive, "the dream" is a sensational painting that reunites in itself all the magic and fantasy of the Art by Le Douanier Rousseau, who explained the work with this suggestive speech: "The woman in the sofa dreams that she has been transferred to this forest and she listens to the sound of the snake charmer." |
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Seurat, Georges: "Sunday afternoon on the island of La Grande-Jatte", 1884-86
Chicago, Art Institute
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Georges Seurat is one of the most famous post-impressionist painter and. "Sunday afternoon on the island of La Grande Jatte" is his unquestionable masterpiece and a milestone of the late 19th century Painting. |
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Shishkin, Ivan: "Morning in a pine forest", 1886
Tetryakov Gallery, Russia
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"Morning in a pine forest" is a marvelous pictorial fantasy that goes beyong the pure realism developed by many other Russian painters of the era. Shishkin has chosen one of his favorite motifs, the dense Russian pine forest, adding the unusual and rather bucolic presence of a family of bears |
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Sisley, Alfred: "Bridge at Villeneuve - la - Garenne", 1872
New York, Metropolitan Museum
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Alfred Sisley (1839-1899) was above all a landscape painter. Of lower category than Monet or even than Pissarro, Sisley always felt an artistic attraction for the fluvial landscape. In that sense, his unquestionable masterworks are a group of canvases, painted in 1872 and 1876, depicting the floods of the Seine River in the French town of Port-Marly |
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Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de: "At the Moulin Rouge", 1890
Philadelphia Museum of Art
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Born in an
aristocratic family, Toulouse Lautrec is known as the great chronist of the 19th century Paris nightlife. This painting, depicting a night in one of the most famous cabarets of Paris -the Moulin Rouge- is considered as one of his masterpieces. |
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Turner, Joseph Mallord William: "Rain, speed and steam", 1844
London, National Gallery of Art
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Probably the best landscape painter of all time, Turner paints his masterwork in which constitutes an almost impressionist work. The picture is a sensational conclusion to the Turner's investigations about light and atmosphere, developed during his time as professor in the Royal Academy. During this time, Turner learned the Newton and Goethe's theories about light and colour. |
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Van Gogh, Vincent: "Harvest", 1888
Amsterdam, Van Gogh Museum
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This extraordinary and famous work by van Gogh was painted in "plen air", and shows van Gogh's love for the rural life and landscape. |
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Van Gogh, Vincent: "Starry night", 1889
New York, Metropolitan Museum
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One of van Gogh's most brilliant and famous works, commonly associate to his increasing madness, and that actually is the result of the artist's interest for the astronomical investigations.
Kodera (1990) notes that the contrast between the church's tower and the effects of the firmament can be interpreted as a critic towards the religious institution, ridiculous when compared with nature. |
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Van Gogh, Vincent: "Starry night over the Rhone", 1889
Paris, Orsay
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While not as famous as the previous work, this work is an extremely beautiful and charming example of van Gogh's personal interpretation of the natural phenomena |
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Van Gogh, Vincent: "Field of poppies", 1889
Bremen,
Kunsthalle
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This beautiful landscape is a good example of van Gogh's final style, with a powerful brushstroke and the use of strong, expressive colours |
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Velázquez, Diego de: "Venus at her mirror", 1649 / 1651
London, National Gallery
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Along with Rembrandt (see above) Velázquez is one of the two peaks of the Baroque painting, and this beautiful and sensual painting is one of his masterworks |
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Vermeer: "View of Delft", 1660-61
The Hague, Mauritshuis
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Talking about this painting, some critics said that it is perhaps the first impressionist work of the history of the painting. Marcel Proust assured that it is " the most beautiful picture of the world ". Praising aside, the painting is the zenith of the Dutch landscape painting of the 17 th century and, therefore, one of the great landscapes of all time |
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Waterhouse, John William: "The Lady of Shallott", 1888
London, Tate Gallery
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John William Waterhouse was one of the members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (with Dante Gabriel Rossetti, John Everett Millais and William Holman Hunt). The group have a great influence in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien |